秋种马铃薯高产栽培技术

经过多年多点示范,总结出高山秋种马铃薯高产栽培技术。即秋种马铃薯以选择排灌水方便的沙壤土或黄壤土为宜,忌与茄科作物连作;8月上中旬,采用单垄双行双三角形播种,密度5.25万~6.00万株/hm2;合理施肥,注意防治病虫害。     

沈阳铁西区装备制造产业聚集实证分析

铁西区通过打造装备制造业产业聚集区。形成了高档数控机床、通用石化装备等六大主导产业以及电气及新能源等五大千亿产业集群，成为我国老工业基地振兴的区域典范。介绍铁西装备制造业聚集区发展现状，采用区位熵法测算沈阳装备制造业的产业集中度，对全市装备制造业的现状及问题进行分析，得出相应结论。     

Contrasting the spatial management of nitrogen and phosphorus for improved water quality: Modelling studies in New Zealand and France

Critical source areas (CSAs) define areas of a farm or catchment that emit the majority of water quality contaminants but account for a minority of the area at a field, farm or catchment scale. Using process based modelling we tested the hypothesis that the definition and management of CSAs would decrease losses of phosphorus (P) in two New Zealand catchments and nitrogen (N) in a French catchment. In the New Zealand catchment, CSAs of P loss were isolated to small areas within fields commensurate with surface flow pathways, while in the French catchment, CSAs for N loss were influenced by factors (inputs and land use) relevant at a field (or multiple field) scale. Scenarios were tested that examined the management of CSAs versus whole field management for P, and decreasing N loss within CSAs by increasing the proportion of grassland fields and changing their location relative to cropland. The results showed that N losses decreased by up to 25% as more grassland was incorporated into the catchment, especially in wet areas near valley bottoms due to a longer growth period and better utilisation/storage of N than cropland. For P, focusing mitigation on CSAs decreased catchment losses to a similar degree as mitigations applied across the whole catchment, but was on average 6–7 times more cost-effective. Therefore, the definition and management of CSAs at an appropriate scale is recommended to improve water quality and minimise the impact on farm profitability.     

基于GF-1影像面向对象分类方法的水稻种植信息提取研究

应用遥感技术提取水稻种植信息是农业遥感的重要内容。GF-1卫星WFV数据为农业信息提取提供了新的途径,面向对象的分类方法是遥感解译的重要方法。本研究以扬州市为研究区域,基于GF-1影像WFV数据,采用面向对象的分类方法,提取水稻种植信息,并实地调查验证试验结果,试图探讨GF-1数据面向对象分类方法在水稻种植信息提取中的可行性与影响提取精度的因素。结果表明,应用GF-1数据,采用面向对象的分类方法能够很好地完成扬州市水稻种植信息的提取,2016年扬州市有水稻种植面积214 524 hm~2,总体精度达到98.5%,Kappa系数0.95,面积精度达97.5%;实地考察能够提高提取精度,地形破碎程度越低,提取精度越高。     

中部产业集聚区转型中的政府职能研究——以内黄县陶瓷园区为例

中部地区要大力加快产业集聚区提质转型,政府职能的充分发挥显得尤其重要。通过对河南省内黄县陶瓷产业园区的实地调查走访发现,地方政府在履职中存在信息沟通障碍、融资难、创新能力弱、治理环境污染不力等多方面的问题。因此,政府必须根据社会经济和政策的环境变化转变职能,提升创新能力,成功促进地方产业集聚区的转型升级。     

Does full protection count for the maintenance of β‐diversity patterns in marine communities? Evidence from Mediterranean fish assemblages

1. Although it is widely recognized that protection may enhance size, abundance, and diversity of fish, its effect on spatial heterogeneity of fish assemblages and species turnover is still poorly understood.
2. Here the effect of full protection within a Mediterranean marine protected area on β‐diversity patterns of fish assemblages along a depth gradient comparing a no‐take zone with multiple unprotected areas is explored. The no‐take zone showed significantly higher synecological parameters, higher β‐diversity among depths, and lower small‐scale heterogeneity of fish assemblages relative to unprotected areas.
3. Such patterns might likely depend on the high level of fishing pressure outside the no‐take zone, as also abundance‐biomass curves seemed to indicate. Results suggested that full protection could play a role in maintaining high β‐diversity, thus reducing the fragility of marine communities and ecosystems, and spatial heterogeneity may represent a reliable predictor of how management actions could provide insurance against undesirable phase shifts.

     

基于无人机成像高光谱影像的冬小麦LAI估测

利用无人机Cubert UHD185 Firefly成像光谱仪和ASD光谱仪获取了冬小麦挑旗期、开花期和灌浆期的成像和非成像高光谱以及LAI数据。首先,对比ASD与UHD185光谱仪数据光谱反射率,评价两者精度;然后,选取7个光谱参数,分析其与冬小麦3个生育期LAI的相关性,并使用线性回归和指数回归挑选出最佳估测参数;最后利用多元线性回归、偏最小二乘、随机森林、人工神经网络和支持向量机构建了冬小麦3个不同生育期LAI的估测模型。结果表明:UHD185光谱仪光谱反射率在红边区域与ASD光谱仪趋势一致性很高,反射率在挑旗期、开花期、灌浆期的R^2分别为0.9959、0.9990和0.9968,UHD185光谱仪数据精度较高;7种光谱参数在挑旗期、开花期、灌浆期与LAI相关性最高的参数分别是NDVI(r=0.738)、SR(r=0.819)、NDVI×SR(r=0.835);LAI-MLR为冬小麦LAI的最佳估测模型,其中开花期拟合性最好,精度最高(建模R^2=0.6788、RMSE为0.69、NRMSE为19.79%,验证R^2=0.8462、RMSE为0.47、NRMSE为16.04%)。     

基于评价模型的宁夏沙土春玉米最佳灌水施氮量研究

为分析不同水氮供应对宁夏沙土春玉米主要评价指标的影响,采用灌水和施氮2因素交互设计,灌水量设置3个水平(W0.6(0.6KcET0)、W0.8(0.8KcET0)和W1.0(KcET0),Kc为作物系数,ET0为潜在作物蒸发蒸腾量),施氮量设量4个水平:N150(150 kg/hm2)、N225(225 kg/hm2)、N300(300 kg/hm2)和N375(375 kg/hm2),进行了大田试验。结果表明:灌水量和施氮量的交互作用对产量、水分利用效率(WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)有极显著影响,对地上部干物质累积量和籽粒氮素累积量有显著影响;在相同灌水条件下,春玉米地上部干物质累积量、产量、WUE均随施氮量的增加先增加后减小。主成分分析法、隶属函数分析法、灰色关联度分析法与基于组合赋权的TOPSIS模型两两之间具有良好的相关性,各模型之间相关系数均值为0.465～0.787;基于整体差异组合评价模型得出W0.8N300评价值最高。考虑试验区年际降雨量分布不均,经回归分析拟合得出,当春玉米生育期内灌水量与有效降雨量之和为544 mm、施氮量为260 kg/hm2时,春玉米综合指标评价值最高(1.47),为适宜的春玉米滴灌灌水施肥量。本研究可为沙土地区春玉米滴灌施肥过程中水氮科学管理提供指导依据。     

基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度试验研究

以宁杞7号枸杞为研究对象,在宁夏同心县开展2 a田间试验.设置4个关键控水期、3个控水水平共8个处理,研究枸杞不同生育期不同水分下限条件下根区土壤含水率、叶片光合生理指标、产量与品质变化;分析其耗水规律与水分利用效率,提出基于土壤水分下限的宁夏枸杞滴灌灌溉制度.结果表明:不同水分处理枸杞根区20~60 cm土层土壤含水率最大;叶片气孔导度随土壤下限升高而增大,高水分下限处理的蒸腾速率相对较大,叶片水分利用效率则相反;生育期耗水量随土壤水分下限升高而增大,2 a增幅分别为10.8%和12.8%,平均耗水量为386.6~463.2 mm,夏果期耗水量最大且差异具有统计学意义,是关键需水期.2 a均为处理S5的产量最大分别为2 208.15和2 571.30 kg/hm²,水分利用效率最高为0.39 kg/m³;水分处理对蛋白质含量影响差异不具有统计学意义,低土壤水分下限的枸杞多糖含量相对较高;全生育期分为6个灌水期,其中萌芽期灌水(春水)为375 m³/hm²;春梢生长期、花期、夏果期、秋果期的土壤质量含水率下限分别为50%θ_f(θ_f为田间持水率),65%θ_f,65%θ_f,55%θ_f,而上限为95%θ_f;休眠期冬灌量为450 m³/hm².     

栽植密度对不同种源芡实生长的影响

对不同栽植密度条件下,不同种源地芡实的生长情况进行了调查研究,结果表明:不同栽植密度间芡实的叶均直径、叶最大直径、果径、果长、果质量、粒数、粒质量均无明显差异,不同栽植密度间产量存在差异;不同种源地间8项物理性状指标均无明显差异;除果长与栽植密度的交互作用对产量无影响外,其余6种性状与栽植密度的交互作用均存在差异,表明交互作用对产量有影响。7种性状与种源地的交互作用下,种源地与产量间的关联不大。